Chaplet



Aug. 29, 1933. L. c. HoBAR-r 1,924,280

CHAPLET AFiled July 26, 1930 1 Fig Pd//a ,6 ,2 F/ g /l/3 @12 PatentedYAug. 29, 1933 UNITED STATES PATEN'I* OFFICE -v CHAPLET Louis C. Hobart,NewBritain, Conn., assignor to The StanleyWorks, New Britain, Conn., aCorporation of Connecticut Application July 26, 1930. Serial No.171),922 i Claims.v (cl. 2z'1s4) This invention relates to the art ofchaplets, Y

such as are used in conjunction with molding apparatus for coresupporting purposes.

A chaplet of a type now commonly used comprises a head, which isembedded in the sand of a mold to provide a good supporting base orfoundation, and a wire part extending perpendicularly therefrom. 'Theportion of the wire which is cast and fused in the product being molded,and which remains permanentlyembedded therein,

may be known as thestem, while the portion of the wire extending betweenthe head and the stem may be called the shank. It isv the shank,together with the head, thaty is broken ofi and discarded subsequent tothe casting operations.

l It is conventional practice in this art to provide a frangibleconnection between the stem and shank in the form of open break-offnicks in the wire between these parts. The stem is also usually providedwith knitting nicks, which function to positively anchor'the stem inthemetal of the article being molded. In some forms of this type ofchaplet, a shoulder isprovided in the stem adjacent to the break-offnicks which serves to facilitate accurate positioning of the chaplet inthe mold.

l A chaplet made in accordance with the prior art as above characterizedhas certain disadvantages when put into use. The heat of the moltenmetal, affects the stem to render itplastic and sus# ceptible todeformation by the `pressure of the core as the liquid metal tends tooat it. The open break-off nick leaves only a small part of the originalwire diameter as a support for the stem, the openings, or nicks properoffering no support. A's a result, the cores are very often displacedfrom their` proper position, and avery large loss, due to impropercasting sections,jhas been evidenced in the prior artdue to thiscondition. The prior art practice is also characterby the use of a wirepart, which is of a unif form maximum diameterl throughout the stem andlshank. The diameter of the wire must necessarily be sufficient -to havethe break-off and knitting nicks formed therein and still leave a.minimum sectional area that is adequatefor core supportingpurposes..Thiscondition results in the use of more material than is necessary, aswill be pointed out more fully hereinafter.

Withthe foregoing in mind, this invention has in view the provision of achaplet of novel form which obviates the above noted unfavorableconditions. The invention contemplates a chaplet, including a frangibleconnection between the stem and shank, which also is effective to resistdistortion of the metal of the stem While heated so as to insure of thecore remaining in proper condition during the metalpouring operation,and thereby reduce core displacement to a mini# mum.

Another important object is to provide forI a novel type of fusing orknitting anchorage between the stem and the cast metal. Y With theseends in View, as well as the economical considerations of using as smallan amount of material asvfeasible, I propose to avail of a practicalmanufacturing process of comparatively simple nature by which myimproved chaplets may be made. My novel process is characterized by thepositioning ofthe smaller diameter shank portion of the wire part inconfining dies, and then upsetting the metal to provide the larger'diam-f eter stem portion, and at the same time close the break-offnicks which were formed in the wire. Upsetting of the metal at the endof the stem may be effected by an indenting operation to provide anenlarged portion which cooperates with the enlarged portion first made,to provide the'knitting groove or interlock which anchors the stem inthejcast article.

Other objectswill be in part obvious, and in part pointed out more indetail hereinafter.

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, The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combination of elements and arrangement of parts which will beexemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth and the scope ofthe application of which will be indicated in the appended claims.

For a full and more complete understanding of the invention, `referencemay be had to the following description and accompanying drawing,wherein:

Figure 1 is a transverse section through the metal after the upsettinghas been effected.

s Figure 2 isa fragmentary showing, partly in section and partly inelevation, of the` chaplet jshown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a view in end elevation' of a shown in Figure 2. Y i

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2, showing a modified formof apartof a chaplet embodying the improvements of this invention.

chaplet 'Wire part of a chaplet made in accordance with Figure is an endview of the chaplet shown in Figure 4.

shown in Figure 6.

Figure Sis a transverse section through a part of still another form ofchaplet, and is taken about on the plane represented by the line 8-8 ofVFigure 9.

Figure 9 is a side view, partly in section and partly in elevation, ofthe stem and a portion oi the shank of the chaplet shown in Figure 8.

Figure 10 is an end View of the chaplet shown in Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a View developing still another modified form, While Figure12 is an end view in Figure ll.

Figure 13 is a detailed showing of the prior art break-off nicks afterhaving been compressed by the core While in a semi-plastic condition aswhen the moldis poured.

of the chaplet shown Figure le is a showing, somewhat diagrammatic, ofthe manner in which the chapletsjare used.

Referring-now to the drawing, and more particularly to Figure 1e, thesand core of a mold is indicated at A, while the mold itself is shown atB. Chaplets for positioning the core A are referred to generally by thereference character C, and-it is notable that the chaplets C havestemportions, extendingv through the metal of the article being cast, whichis designated D.

Referring new moreparticularly to Figures 1, 2, and 3, one of thechapletsC is shown as having a shank 10 and a stein 11, the stem beingof a greater diameter than the shank 10. Intermediate the shank 10 andthe stem 11 is a frangible connection at 12, which takes the form ofbreak-off nicks which have been closed, as by pressing the edges of theVnicks together. The formation of the particular type of frangibleconnection 12 is a result of the upsetting operation, which also resultsin the increased diameter in the stem 11 as compared to the shank 10,and

. in the fusingor knitting groove shown at 13.

The finished ychaplet will also havea recess in its end, asshown at 1li,which isa result of the indenting operation which takes place incidentto the upsetting of ther metal at the end of the stem.

In manufacturing a chaplet such as is shown in Figure 2, a wire part ofthe diameter of the shank le, cut ofi to the proper length and providedwith open break-oir nicks of the usual form as brought out in Figure 1a,is clamped in supporting dies and acted on by a punch provided With arecessfo the proper shape to produce the enlarged portion in the stem.The metal of the end of the stem is then upset, as by indenting, toprovide the enlarged portion of the end of the stern, as shown in theseveral figures u or the drawing. With this arrangement, any devvingoperations and the liability of faulty castings dueto core displacementwill be reduced to a minimum. l

It is notable that in the form of chaplets rthe break-off line.

point (or in the plane) of the frangible connection 12.

In the type of chaplet shown in Figures 4 and 5, the increased diameterin the stem 11 has been carried back past the frangible connection 12 av considerable distance, as shown at 16, this to provide a bettersupport for the stem back of The same upsetting operations are availedof to make the chapletY shown in Figure 2, and the several other modiedforms herein illustrated and described, the only change being in theshape and adjustment of the tools (namely, supporting'dies and upsettingpunch) embedded in the cast article or projecting above its surface.vObviously, dies of any desired shape vmay be employed to provide thedesired shape in the nished product.

Figures 6 and 7 develop still'another modified` form for the chapletwhich includesan annular shoulder l17'that is formed as a part of theshank 10 and is positioned adjacent to the frangible connection 12betweenthe shank 10 and the stem 11.

Figures 8, 9, and 10 develop a still further modi ined form in which theshoulder 17 is formed as a part of the stem, rather than as a part ofthe shank. When this type of chaplet is used, the shoulder 17 remainsembedded in the cast article after breaking off of the shank 10. i

Figures 11 and 12 bring out a chaplet in which the shank 10 isformed'with an enlarged portion 16 back of the break-off line betweenthe stem and shank, and in which the shoulder 17 is formed as a part ofthe stem. p A

Figure 13 shows the condition of the frangible joint between the stemand shank Vof a prior'art chaplet after the stem has been subjected toheat and compression. It is notable that when the nicks 22 are made.sufciently large to provide the desired frangibility, the stemissupported only across a small portion at the center. AThis l v It isevident that, while the novel chapi'et provided hereby is of adistinctly novel shape and design, it is readily manufactured by acomparatively simple process; namely, that of upsetting the metal toform al stem'portion. The same operations are effective to providechaplets of dif- .13d

ferent design merely upon changing of the upsetting tools. The'use ofthis type of chaplets results in a large saving of material, as theminimum diameter in the Wire is employed throughout the shank and inaportion ofthe stem; and f yet the necessary knitting or fusing grooveis projvided, as Well as the frangible connectionbetween the stem andshank vwhich :functions to properly supportthestem.

As many changes could be made in thefabove construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is `intended that allmatter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanyingdrawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limitingsense. u Y

It is also tobe understood that the language used Vin the `followingclaims is intended to coverr all of the generic and specific features ofthe invention herein described and all statements of the scope of theinvention which, as a matter of 1anguage, might be said to falltherebetween.

What is claimed is:

1. A chaplet of the character described comprising a shank and a stemintegrally joined together by a frangible connection that consists ofbreak-off nicks, the sides of which are in engage. ment. Y

2..A chapiet ofthe character described comprising a head, and a Wirepart extending therefrom constituting the stem and shank portions ofthechaplets, the wire part being partially severed between the stem andshank portions, the line of severage being closed up to cause abuttingengagement of the sides thereof.

3. A chaplet of the character described cornprising integral stem beinga frangible connection between these portions, the stem having spacedenlarged portions of greater diameter shank, one of the enlargedportions on lthe stem being continued to the'shank so lthatt extends onboth sides of the frangible connection between the stern and shank.

and shank portions, vthere than the major part of ,the`

4. A chaplet of the character described comprising integral stem andshank portions, the stem having spaced enlarged portions of greaterdiameter than the major part of the shank, there being formed in one ofsaid enlargedportions a frangible'connection consisting of breaky oinicks the sides of which are in engagement.

LOUIS C. HOBART.4

